对不起。

When to use

Use this phrase for everyday apologies, such as bumping into someone, making a small mistake, or expressing regret. It is slightly more formal and heavier than simply saying "excuse me."

How it works

This phrase uses a potential complement structure. Literally meaning "unable to face," it implies you feel too guilty to face the other person.

• 对 (duì): to face
• 不起 (bu qǐ): cannot afford to / unable to (verb complement)

Pronunciation Note

In this set phrase, the negative particle 不 (bù) loses its original fourth tone and is pronounced with a light, neutral tone (bu). The final syllable 起 (qǐ) remains a full third tone.

Notes

A standard, direct way to apologize for mistakes or minor offenses.